THE NIGERIAN JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM: IMPLEMENTATION, CHALLENGES AND THE WAY FORWARD

Abstract

Nigerian Juvenile Justice System plays a crucial role in addressing the needs and rights of young offenders within Nigeria's criminal justice system, with a focus on fairness, rehabilitation, and promoting the well-being and reintegration of young people in conflict with the law. This study provides an in-depth Analysis of the Nigerian Juvenile Justice System and Its Implementation; it examined the legal frameworks, implementation, challenges, and potential avenues for reform. The Nigeria's juvenile justice system is governed by Children and Young Person Law (1958) and the Child Rights Act (2003) which has been domesticated in all the states of the federation. Coexistence of Native and Western-inspired laws poses challenges in balancing cultural traditions and human rights principles. The implementation of the Nigerian Juvenile Justice System faces significant challenges due to the lack of adequate institutional support and resources. Insufficient funding, limited infrastructure, poor monitoring and supervision, and a shortage of trained personnel hinder the effective functioning of the system and its ability to provide appropriate interventions to young offenders. The research employed doctrinal research methodology, primarily relying on the analysis and interpretation of legal sources. The study identified and analyzed relevant laws, including the Child Rights Act, Administration of Criminal Justice Act, case laws, judicial pronouncements, and other legislation specific to juvenile offenders. The findings revealed that the existing legal frameworks are not effectively implemented, with corruption and a lack of accountability being widespread within the system. Furthermore, there is inadequate provision of healthcare, education, and recreational facilities in juvenile detention centers. The study recommends increased budgetary allocation and infrastructure development for juvenile justice institutions. Specialized training programs for personnel are needed, and monitoring/oversight mechanisms should be strengthened to promote accountability.